1863 in science

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The year 1863 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Events

March 3 - National Academy of Sciences incorporated in the United States.
The first of Jules Verne's scientifically-inspired Voyages Extraordinaires, the novel Cinq semaines en ballon (Five Weeks in a Balloon), is published in Paris.

Max Schultze advances cell theory with the observation that animal and vegetable protoplasm are identical.^[2]
Henry Walter Bates publishes The Naturalist on the River Amazons.

February 17 - First meeting of what will become the International Committee of the Red Cross is held in Geneva, Switzerland, following the lead of humanitarian Henry Dunant.^[3]
William Banting publishes Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public in London, the first popular low-carbohydrate diet.^[4]
Ivan Sechenov publishes Refleksy golovnogo mozga ("Reflexes of the brain").

February 10 - Alanson Crane patents a fire extinguisher.
July - The tiny Confederate States of America hand-propelled submarine H. L. Hunley is first tested successfully (although thirteen crew – including her inventor Horace Lawson Hunley – are lost in two sinkings later in the year).^[5]

^ Burke, James (1978). Connections. London: Macmillan. p. 205. ISBN 0-333-24827-9.
^ Das Protoplasma der Rhizopoden und der Pflanzenzellen; ein Beiträg zur Theorie der Zelle.
^ Boissier, Pierre (1985). History of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Volume I: From Solferino to Tsushima. Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute. ISBN 2-88044-012-2.
^ Groves, Barry (2002). "William Banting: The Father of the Low-Carbohydrate Diet". Second Opinions. http://www.second-opinions.co.uk/banting.html. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
^ Chaffin, Tom (2008). The H. L. Hunley: the Secret Hope of the Confederacy. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 9780809095124.